Perancangan Kontroler Motor BLDC Dengan Kendali Vektor
Abstract
Kendaraan listrik semakin populer berkat
kebutuhan akan efisiensi energi dan perawatan yang rendah,
sehingga motor BLDC menjadi pilihan utama sebagai
penggerak. Namun, kendali motor BLDC dengan metode
trapezoidal konvensional tidak mampu mengoptimalkan torsi
dan efisiensi secara maksimal. Penelitian tugas akhir ini
mengusulkan desain kontroler motor BLDC berbasis kendali
vektor (Field Oriented Control/FOC) untuk menghasilkan
torsi optimal dengan penggunaan arus yang lebih efisien serta
meningkatkan kenyamanan operasional melalui pengurangan
gangguan dan ripple torsi. Perancangan sistem meliputi
pengembangan perangkat keras—dengan pemilihan
mikrokontroler STM32G431RB, gate driver DRV8302, dan
MOSFET IRFB4110—serta perangkat lunak berbasis
algoritma FOC yang menghasilkan sinyal PWM untuk
pengendalian inverter 3-fasa. Metode penelitian dilakukan
melalui studi literatur, prototyping rangkaian, dan pengujian
implementasi sistem pada motor BLDC. Hasil penelitian ini
menemukan bahwa kendali vektor menghasilkan kecepatan
yang sama pada daya yang lebih rendah (30%) dibanding
dengan komutasi trapezoidal dan memiliki efisiensi yang lebih
tinggi mencapai efisiensi sebesar 20% pada 100 RPM.
Kata kunci— Motor BLDC, Kendali Vektor, Field Oriented
Control, Inverter 3-Fasa, Kendaraan Listrik
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