Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Pva Pada Membran Berbasis Kitosan Untuk Aplikasi Stomatitis Aftosa Patch Menggunakan Metode Solvent Casting
Abstract
Stomatitis aftosa adalah peradangan rongga mulut yang ditandai dengan luka sariawan, menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan patch berbasis kitosan dan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sebagai terapi lokal, menggunakan metode solvent casting dengan variasi konsentrasi PVA (2,5% dan 7,5%). Patch dikeringkan dengan dua metode, yaitu suhu ruang dan oven. Evaluasi karakteristik patch dilakukan melalui uji FTIR, mekanik, degradasi, swelling, dan SEM. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan adanya interaksi kuat antara kitosan dan PVA melalui ikatan hidrogen, ditandai oleh pergeseran dan pelebaran puncak -OH dan -NH₂, serta terbentuknya struktur komposit yang homogen. Uji mekanik menunjukkan peningkatan kohesivitas (hingga 0,38), elastisitas (hingga 1,90 mm), dan adhesi (hingga 59,85 mJ) seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi PVA, terutama pada sampel dengan rasio 1:3 yang dikeringkan di suhu ruang. Uji degradasi menunjukkan membran Oven 1:3 dan Ruang 1:3 mengalami penurunan berat masing-masing sebesar 4% dan 6,25%, menandakan sifat biodegradabel yang sesuai untuk durasi aplikasi di rongga mulut. Uji swelling memperlihatkan kemampuan penyerapan air yang sangat tinggi, melebihi 1000% dalam waktu 60 menit, namun berpotensi menyebabkan disintegrasi dini pada patch jika tidak dikendalikan. Hasil SEM menunjukkan struktur permukaan yang berpori namun belum sepenuhnya homogen, mengindikasikan perlunya modifikasi formulasi, seperti penambahan plasticizer, untuk meningkatkan kestabilan. Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi kitosan dan PVA, terutama pada rasio 1:3 dengan pengeringan suhu ruang, menunjukkan karakteristik fisikokimia dan mekanik yang paling optimal untuk aplikasi patch stomatitis aftosa. Kata kunci— kitosan, PVA, patch, stomatitis aftosa, solvent casting.
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