Robust Reversible Watermarking berbasis Polar Harmonic Transform dan Multibit Spread Spectrum
Abstract
Pesatnya pertumbuhan teknologi digital telah menimbulkan risiko keamanan dalam pembuatan, pembagian, dan manipulasi citra digital. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih efektif dengan menggunakan teknik Robust Reversible Watermarking (RRW). Robust mengacu pada kemampuan watermark dalam menahan serangan, sedangkan reversible mengacu pada kemampuan sistem dalam mengembalikan citra ke keadaan semula. Penelitian ini mengusulkan teknik RRW berbasis Polar Harmonic Transform (PHT) dengan metode Multibit Spread Spectrum (MSS). Teknik ini bekerja dengan cara menyisipkan beberapa watermark sekaligus yang telah dipetakan ke dalam kode Pseudo-random Noise (PN), lalu kode PN ini yang akan disisipkan ke dalam nilai momen PHT. Di sisi penerima, dilakukan perhitungan korelasi maksimum untuk mengekstraksi watermark yang disisipkan. Teknik MSS ini menggunakan parameter α sebagai parameter untuk menyeimbangkan sifat Imperceptibility dan Robustness sistem watermarking. Pengujian dalam kondisi tanpa serangan menghasilkan BER 0 dan PSNR rata-rata 36,18 dB.
Kata kunci—Multibit Spread Spectrum (MSS), Polar Harmonic Transform (PHT), Reversible, Robust, Watermarking.
References
N. S. Kamaruddin, A. Kamsin, L. Y. Por, and H. Rahman. (2018, Jan.) . “A review of Text Watermarking: Theory, Methods, and Applications.” IEEE Access. [Online]. Vol. 6, p. 8011–8028. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018. 2796585 [Sep. 10, 2024].
W. Wan, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Li, H. Yu, and J. Sun. (2022). “A Comprehensive Survey on Robust Image Watermarking.” Neurocomputing. [online]. Vol. 488, p. 226-247. Available: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.02.083 [Sep. 10, 2024].
L. Novamizanti, G. Budiman, and E. N. F. Astuti. (2020, Apr.). "Robust audio watermarking based on transform domain and SVD with compressive sampling framework." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control. [online]. Vol. 18, no. 2, p. 1079-1088. Available: http://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i2.14773 [Sep. 10, 2024].
A. H. Allaf and M. A. Kbir. (2019). “A Review of Digital Watermarking Applications for Medical Image Exchange Security.” Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Edition 2: The Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Smart City Applications. Springer International Publishing. [online]. p. 472-480.
Y. Hafizhana, I. Safitri, L. Novamizanto, and N. Ibrahim. (2020, Jan.). “Image Watermarking pada Citra Medis menggunakan Compressive Sensing berbasis Stationary Wavelet Transform.” ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika. [online] Vol. 8, no. 1, p. 43-57, Available: http://doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.43 [Sep. 10, 2024].
S. Wadhera, D. Kamra, A. Rajpal, A. Jain, and V. Jain. (2021, May). “A Comprehensive Review on Digital Image Watermarking.” CEUR Workshop Proceedings. [online]. Vol. 1, no. 14, p. 2889, 2021. Available: http://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.06909 [Sep. 10, 2024].
M. Begum and M. S. Uddin. (2020, Feb.). “Digital Image Watermarking Techniques : A review.” MDPI. [online]. Vol. 11, no. 2, p. 110, Available: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/info11020110 [Sep. 10, 2024].
L. Novamizanti, A. B. Suksmono, D. Danudirdjo, and G. Budiman. (2023). “Robust Reversible Image Watermarking based on Independent Embedding Domain and Pixel Value Ordering.” In 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), pp. 1-6, Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE59459. 2023.10468312 [Sep. 10, 2024].
Y. Tang, K. Li, C. Wang, S. Bian, and Q. Huang. (2023, Oct.). “A two-stage robust reversible watermarking using polar harmonic transform for high robustness and capacity.” Information Sciences. [online]. Vol. 654, p.119786. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2023. 119786 [Sep. 10, 2024].
L. Novamizanti, A. B. Suksmono, D. Danudirdjo, and G. Budiman. (2022). “Robust Reversible Watermarking using Stationary Wavelet Transform and Multibit Spread Spectrum in Medical Images.” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems. [online]. Vol. 15, no. 3, p. 343–354. Available: https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2022.0630.29 [Sep. 10, 2024].
I. J. Cox, J. Kiliant, T. Leightont, and T. Shamoont. (1997, Dec.). “Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia.” IEEE Transaction on image Processing. [online]. Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1673-1687. Available: https://doi.org/ 10.1109/83.650120 [Sep. 10, 2024].
P. T. Yap, X. Jiang, and A.C. Kot. (2010, Jul.). “Two-dimensional polar harmonic transforms for invariant image representation.” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. [online]. Vol. 32, no. 7, p. 1259–1270. Available: https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TPAMI.2009.119 [Sep. 10, 2024].
Y. N. Li. (2013, Aug.). “Quaternion Polar Harmonic Transforms for Color Image.” IEEE Signal Processing Letters. [online]. Vol. 20, no. 8, p. 803-806. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2013.2267775 [Sep. 10, 2024].
W. Xiang-yang, L. Yu-nan, L. Shuo, Y. Hong-ying, N. Pan-pan, and Z. Yan. (2015). “A New Robust Digital Watermarking using Local Polar Harmonic Transform.” Computers and Electrical Engineering. [online]. Vol. 46, p. 403-418. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.compleceng.2015.04.001 [Sep. 10, 2024].
Y. Yunawan, I. Safitri, and L. Novamizanti. (2018). "Compressive sensing for image watermarking discrete wavelet transform and spread spectrum." In 2018 International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications (ICCEREC). IEEE. [online]. p. 99-103. Available: http://doi.org/ 10.1109/ICCEREC.2018.8712090 [Sep. 10, 2024].
Y. O. Xin and M. I. Pawlak. (2008). “M-Ary Phase Modulation for Digital Watermarking.” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science. [online]. vol. 18, no. 1, p. 93-104. Available: http://doi.org/10.2778/v10006-008-0009-8 [Sep. 10, 2024].
P. Bas and T. Filler. “Break our watermarking system”. July, 2007. http://bows2.ec-lille.fr/ [Accesed Dec. 30, 2023]
J. J. Garcia-Hernandez, C. Feregrino-Uribe, A. Menendez-Ortiz, and D. W. Robledo-Cruz. (2022, Jul.). “Evaluation of a Framework for Robust Image Reversible Watermarking.” Applied Sciences. [Online]. Vol. 12, no. 14, Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147242 [Sep. 10, 2024].
L. Novamizanti, A. B. Suksmono, D. Danudirdjo and G. Budiman. (2023, Jan.). "Robust and Imperceptible Watermarking on Medical Images using Coefficient Pair Modification." IIUM Engineering Journal. [Online]. Vol. 24, no. 1, p. 88-105, Available: https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v24i1.2597 [Sep. 10, 2024].
G. Budiman, S. Aulia, and I. N. A. Ramatryana. (2019, May). “Penyisipan Citra pada Audio dengan Kode PN Terdistribusi Gaussian.” ELKOMIKA J. Tek. Energi Elektr. Tek. Telekomun. Tek. Elektron. [Online]. Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 209-223. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i2.209 [Sep. 10, 2024].
G. Budiman, A. B. Suksmono, and D. Danudirdjo. (2020, Jun.). “Compressive sampling with multiple bit spread spectrum-based data hiding.” Applied Sciences. [Online]. Vol. 10, no. 12, p. 4338. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i2.209 [Sep. 10, 2024].
