Robust DCT-Domain Watermarking against Screen-Shooting using Improved SIFT and Adaptive Embedding with CRC+BCH Error Protection
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem watermarking citra digital yang tangguh terhadap serangan screen-shooting dengan menggabungkan lokalisasi titik kunci berbasis Improved Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (I-SIFT), penyematan Dis- crete Cosine Transform (DCT) adaptif pada domain frekuensi menengah, serta pengkodean ganda CRC-8 dan BCH (63,36)
untuk integritas dan koreksi kesalahan. Penyematan dilakukan pada blok 64×64 yang dipusatkan pada titik kunci I-SIFT dengan skor respons tertinggi, dengan fallback ke wilayah pusat jika jumlah titik kunci terbatas. Hasil uji pada citra standar (Zelda, Baboon, Peppers, Airplane) menunjukkan imperceptibility tinggi (PSNR rata-rata 42,39 dB) dan ketahanan penuh terhadap distorsi screen-shooting dari jarak 45–105 cm, termasuk distorsi perspektif dan noise sensor, dengan BER = 0,00 pada beberapa kondisi. Pendekatan ini mengungguli metode benchmark Fang et al. dalam hal kualitas visual dan keberhasilan pemulihan wa- termark, membuktikan efektivitas kombinasi I-SIFT, embedding adaptif, dan proteksi error ganda dalam menghadapi distorsi fisik dunia nyata.
Index Terms—Robust watermarking, screen-shooting attack, SIFT, discrete cosine transform.
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