Implementation of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation Design
Abstrak
Peningkatan penggunaan satelit orbit bumi rendah (LEO) menuntut adanya alat desain yang mudah diakses dan akurat sebagai alternatif untuk perangkat lunak profesional yang mahal. Proyek ini menjawab kebutuhan tersebut dengan mengembangkan aplikasi web komprehensif untuk desain orbit satelit LEO. Aplikasi ini mengintegrasikan beberapa fungsi utama, termasuk propagasi orbit, desain konstelasi untuk konfigurasi Train dan Walker-Delta, analisis cakupan, dan perhitungan anggaran tautan, semuanya dilengkapi dengan visualisasi interaktif 2D dan 3D. Aplikasi tersebut telah melalui validasi yang ketat terhadap perhitungan teoretis dan Alat Analisis Misi Umum NASA (GMAT), yang mengonfirmasi akurasi tinggi di semua modul. Modul propagasi orbit menunjukkan kesalahan kurang dari 0,78 km dalam simulasi satu jam, dengan kesalahan rata-rata kuadrat (RMSE) sebesar 31,8 km dibandingkan dengan integrator numerik GMAT. Penempatan konstelasi untuk konfigurasi Train dan Walker-Delta menunjukkan kesalahan posisi nol. Perhitungan cakupan akurat hingga 0,05 km pada ketinggian 2.000 km. Selain itu, analisis anggaran tautan mencapai kesesuaian sempurna dengan perhitungan manual, dengan selisih 0,00 dB dan menghasilkan margin uplink 31,87 dB serta margin downlink 18,76 dB. Prediksi akses stasiun darat sesuai dengan jadwal teoretis, dengan 11 lintasan dalam 24 jam dan durasi rata-rata 8,55 menit. Uji antarmuka pengguna menghasilkan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Aplikasi ini berhasil menjembatani kesenjangan antara perangkat lunak profesional yang kompleks dan kebutuhan pendidikan dengan menyediakan alat yang tervalidasi, andal, dan mudah diakses untuk desain awal misi satelit LEO. Aplikasi ini memenuhi semua tujuan proyek dengan menggabungkan akurasi komputasi tinggi, fitur yang komprehensif, dan aksesibilitas berbasis web yang gratis, sehingga membuat desain orbit satelit lebih mudah diakses untuk tujuan pendidikan dan penilaian teknis awal.
Kata kunci: LEO, Desain Orbit Satelit, Konstelasi, Simulasi Orbit, Link Budget, Aplikasi Web.
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